Microbial fermentation is a pivotal technology in various sectors, including pharmaceuticals, food and beverages, and biofuels. As the global demand for biopharmaceuticals, sustainable products, and advanced materials rises, the role of Contract Manufacturing Organizations (CMOs) specializing in microbial fermentation has become increasingly crucial. Different countries exhibit varying levels of demand for microbial fermentation CMOs based on their industrial focus, technological capabilities, and market needs.