Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that affects the respiratory and digestive systems, causing thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs, pancreas, and other organs. This buildup can lead to severe respiratory and digestive issues, making the management of CF a lifelong challenge. However, advancements in treatment have brought new hope to those living with this condition.
One of the most significant breakthroughs in CF treatment has been the development of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) modulators. These drugs target the defective protein caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, which is the root cause of cystic fibrosis. Unlike traditional treatments that focus on managing symptoms, CFTR modulators aim to correct the underlying defect at a cellular level. This has been a game-changer for many patients, particularly those with specific mutations that respond to these therapies.
The first CFTR modulator, Ivacaftor (Kalydeco), was approved in 2012 for patients with a particular mutation. Since then, other modulators like Lumacaftor, Tezacaftor, and Elexacaftor have been developed, often used in combination to target a broader range of mutations. The combination therapy Trikafta (Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor) has been particularly impactful, showing significant improvements in lung function and quality of life for patients with the most common CF mutation, F508del.